Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a highly deadly viral hemorrhagic fever that can cause serious illness or death. It is clinically similar to Ebola and is transmitted from fruit bats to humans, spreading through contact with infected bodily fluids and contaminated medical equipment.
2. How Did the Outbreak Start in Rwanda?
The first-ever outbreak of MVD in Rwanda was reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) on September 28, 2024. The initial case was identified in late September, and since then, a total of 46 confirmed cases have been reported, with 12 fatalities.
3. Who Are the Most Affected Groups?
Healthcare workers are among the most affected groups in the outbreak. Over 70% of the confirmed cases are healthcare workers from two health facilities in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda.
4. What Measures Are Being Taken to Contain the Outbreak?
Contact tracing is underway, with about 3,000 people being monitored because they came into contact with the infected individuals. The WHO has advised against travel and trade restrictions with Rwanda, and the Centers for Disease Control have issued a travel alert.
5. How Is Rwanda Responding to the Outbreak?
Rwanda's Ministry of Health is coordinating the response with support from WHO and partners. The ministry has shared a hotline number with the public to report symptoms, and in-depth epidemiological investigation, contact tracing, and follow-up are ongoing.
6. What Vaccines Are Being Used to Combat the Outbreak?
Rwanda has received approximately 700 vaccine doses from the Sabin Vaccine Institute for a trial targeting frontline workers, including healthcare professionals. The vaccine is based on the cAd3 platform and is in Phase 2 trials in Uganda and Kenya with no safety concerns reported to date.
7. What Is the Current Status of the Outbreak?
As of October 6, 2024, there were 46 confirmed cases, with at least 19 of them being healthcare workers. The cases are reported from seven of the 30 districts in Rwanda, with three districts in Kigali Province reporting the highest number of cases.
8. How Is the International Community Responding to the Outbreak?
The World Health Organization (WHO) is supporting the transportation of samples to a regional reference laboratory for confirmation. WHO is also working on delivering supplies, including laboratory testing kits and personal protective equipment, to aid in the response efforts.
9. What Are the Long-Term Implications of the Outbreak?
The long-term implications of the outbreak include the need for continued research and development of vaccines and treatments. The success of clinical trials relies on quick, strategic global partnerships that bring together expertise, resources, and innovation to combat lethal disease outbreaks effectively.
